The compiler for the TI C55x family [1] of fixed-point DSPs is implemented that way: sizeof(char) == 1 and sizeof(int) == 1, both 16-bit fields. A practical consequence is that you can't easily use the same struct header files, for example, on a more conventional platform. Another is that ASCII strings use twice the space.

[1] http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Category:C5000