It leans heavy toward being cultural: Japan got rid of most public trashcans after an extremist group attacked civilians with sarin gas, some decades ago. The streets remained as trash-free as usual. On the other hand after work, at night, you may see a manager passed out with a pool of puke in a subway car… on the other hand it gets cleaned up pronto at the terminus and the car will be clean and his wallet won't go mysteriously missing.
British attitudes regarding litter is one of the things that people from other parts of Europe notice when they visit. It's definitely a cultural difference.